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The Americans celebratedThe month of black history Every February since 1976, whenPresident Gerald Ford Called to his fellow citizens "seize the opportunity to honor too often neglected achievements of black Americans in all areas of our story throughout our history." These underwater achievements go back to the date of the early 17th century, when the first Africans arrived as slaves in the English colonies. Since then, African Americans have have significant contributions to American society and culture. While many African American achievements do only remember history books, others are so fresh that living Americans still remember them. In honor of these contemporary contributions to the American grandeur, here are the most important achievements of African Americans each year from 1940 to 2000.

In 1940, a 44-year-old actressHattie McDaniel has become the first African-American movie star to win a price of the Academy when she received an Oscar for her role in the 1939 movieWandered. McDaniel-who won in the best category of sustaining actresses for his representation of the dedicated slave of Scarlett O'Hara, accepted his reward at the Hotel Ambassador de Hollywood, which was separated at that time. Because African Americans were not allowed in the premises, producerDavid O. Selznick had to appeal to a special favor so that McDaniel could attend, according toHollywood journalist. McDaniel was not allowed to sit down with the rest of the cast iron, but was rather relegated to a small table at the back of the room.

On December 7, 1941, the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the United States with a strike on its naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. That morning, the third class of email of the 22 year old messDoris "Dorie" Miller was below the bridge that does the laundry on the battleshipWestern Virginia. In the chaos that followed,Marine time Reports, Miller wore his captain fatally injured on security, then took it on himself - with or training or training, because the African Americans at that time were allowed only having messages in the Navy-to shoot A pilot-free machine gun in incoming Japanese planes. WhenWestern Virginia Sanperer, Miller was among the last to give up the ship, pulling several wounded sailors with him as he was swimming at the coast. For her gallantry during the fight, Miller received the Navy Cross - the third highest of the Navy at that time.

In 1942, non-violent student activists at the University of Chicago-Bernice Fisher,James Russell Robinson,George Houser,James Farmer, Jr.,Joe Guinn, andHomer Jack-Use the Interracial Committee on Racial Equality, which has later become the Congress of Racial Equality (core). According toOrganization website, The kernel used the teachings ofMahatma Gandhi To protest segregation in public places, organize SIT-INS and picketing lines in Chicago's restaurants and businesses. His peaceful manifestations were the preamble to those who helped to end the segregation during the 1960s' 1960s civil rights movement.

The US Army did not allow African Americans to become pilots before 1941, when he created the 99th Hunting Squadron, an experimental team of African-American soldiers who were trained to fly in an airfield near L Tuskegee Institute of Alabama. Known as Tuskegee Airmen, the squadron flew his first fighting mission in June 1943, according toGeorge Washington University, who says that the 99th fighter squadron has completed more than 1,500 missions during the Second World War. Although the squadron was disabled in 1946, the Tuskegee Airmen-who collectively won 150 combat medals - are widely credited to play a major role in the decision to degenerate the US military in 1948.

In 1944, black dentistLonnie Smith Houston GaggedSmith c. Allwright, a case of the historical Supreme Court in which the Court decided that the principle of the Democratic Party of Texas' democratic primary party was unconstitutional. According toThe battle for the black ballot throughCharles L. Zelden, Smith decided to continue the electoral judgeS. E. LighterWhen he was diverted surveys during Texas 1940's Democratic Primary Election. Because the Democratic Party at that time was the only part of Star Star State, the primaries were the only elections that really imported. When the Supreme Court granted Smith its voting rights, it has created an important legal precedent that made it possible to secure black voting rights and national desegregation.

Black businessmanJohn H. Johnson published the inaugural question ofEbony magazine on November 1, 1945. According to themagazine, celebrating its 75th anniversary in 2020,Ebony and his sister publication,NS-What published its first issue in 1951- "pioneering the representation of Black America in traditional media".

Lyric soprano unknownCamilla Williams was 26 years old when she made her debut operated like Cio-San, the tragic heroine ofGiacomo Puccini's Madamam Butterfly. Williams was the very first black woman to get a contract with a large US opera company - The New York City Opera. In his obituary for Williams, who died in 2012,The New York Times She stated that she "performance only at night, to revive critics ... was a tag that turned on the way to American opera houses for other black women".

Jackie Robinson Signed his first major league baseball contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 10, 1947. Less than a week later, he became the first African-American to play the professional baseball since 1884, when the receiverMoses Fleetwood Walker Played a season for the Blue Toledo stockings. Although Walker was America's first black professional baseball player, African Americans were forbidden from the League's major baseball when he left the match. The sport remained separated until the dodgers recruited Robinson, who, according to theTemple of National Baseball Homemon, won the reward of the first recovery of the year. Robinson retired from baseball in 1956 with 947 tracks, 734 RBIS, 1,518 hits and an average batting .311.

At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London,Audrey "Mickey" Patterson Has become the very first African-American woman to win an Olympic medal, winning a bronze in the dash of 200 meters. One day later,Alice Coachman won a gold medal in the track and the ground; according toInternational Olympic CommitteeHis gold medal was the first not only for an African-American woman, but for a period of black woman, from any country. In addition, Coachman was the only American woman winning a gold medal at the 1948 Olympic Games. In 1952, she won an additional distinction when she became coca-cola spokesperson, which made her first. Black female athlete to approve an international consumer product.

In 1928,Jesse B. Blayton, Sr.Atlanta became the first African-American CPA in the state of Georgia. Nineteen years later, while he was a teacher at Atlanta University, he broke another barrier by buying Werd, a small radio station that became the first radio station in play when he acquired in 1949. According toCnn, Werd was the way of choice for theRev. Martin Luther King, Jr., who used the station to disseminate his sermons and later to disseminate speech on his civil rights marches. "WERD ... offered a rare public place for black jazz and blues interpreters during Jim Crow and amplified the king's voices and other African-American leaders, while they have Encouraged black citizens to vote, "according to CNN.

Self-described "Incurable Optimist"Ralph Bunde was a Harvard professor-became-diplomat who worked for the United Nations after being charged in 1945. FollowingThe Second World War-Sont 1947 until 1949 - he was in charge of running a peace agreement between the newly created state of Israel and the Arab countries that surrounded him. His success earned him the Nobel Peace Prize from 1950, making it the first person of color to receive the price, according to theThe United Nations.

In 1951, the metropolitan opera in New York recruited the black dancerJanet Collins, make it the first African-American Prima-American ballerina. Collins-who had roles headed in productions ofAid,Carmen,The Gioconda, andSamson and Delila-Made from its New York debut in 1949, when it danced its own choreography during a shared program at 92th Street Y. According to it in 2003The New York Times, the critic of the paper dance at the time called Collins "The most exciting young dancer who broke out in a long time."

The novelInvisible Man Tell the story of an unnamed black narrator who moves from the south of New York City, looking for freedom and a sense of self as an African-American man in America mainly white. His author,Ralph Ellison, published the book in 1952 and accomplished the prestigious national book award for this a year later.Time magazine Included the book on his list of "100 best novels of the twentieth century", call it "theAged quintessential Picaresque of the 20th century. "

When he won the race to become President of Manhattan Borough in 1953,Hulan Jack became the first "Manhattan boss", according toThe New York Times, who called his election a "watershed moment" in African-American history. At the time, Jack was the highest official elected black to the nation.

In September 1950,Oliver Brown-A pastor and railway worker - tried to register his 7 year old daughter in a primary school located near her in Topeka, Kansas. When the school denied his application, NAACP filed a federal prosecution on its name against the Board of Directors of Topeka. The historical case,Brown c. Educational advice, made all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States, which made history in 1954 when he directed Oliver, reporting "distinct but equal" decades unconstitutional and graduating from segregation in American public schools.

December 1, 1955, Civilian ActivistRosa Parks Has been arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, to refuse to give up his seat in a public bus to a white man, as required by the Alabama law. According toCongress LibraryHis courageous act began the Montgomery bus boycott, a boycott of the 381-day Montgomery bus system that finally led to a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States of 1956 which ended the segregation on the public transport.

Famous soundsterNat King Cole Was one of the most acclaimed jazz pianists and twentieth-century singers. Although it is better known for its timeless hits - including the classic "unforgettable" - the beloved baritone also had its own televised variety show at the national level,The Nat King Cole show, who made his debut on NBC in 1956. The show was the first program of its kind to be organized by an African-American, according toNPR, which reports that the presence of school in the white salons "disputed segregation on television and in the American society".

London's Grand Slam Tennis Tournament in London, Wimbledon, is the oldest, the largest and most prestigious tennis championship. July 6, 1957, African American tennis playerAlthea Gibson won it, becoming the first black tennis player - man or woman. At the time,The New York Times wrote that Gibson "filled his destiny ... and became the first member of his race to govern the world of tennis." Gibson had already broken several racial barriers in his sport; In 1950, for example, she became the first black tennis player to compete in the United States open and at the French opening in 1956, she became the first black player to win a big slam.

Ruth Carol Taylor Taken a black American to new heights - literally - in 1958, while it became the first African-American agent in the United States. A nurse and activist, Taylor wanted to challenge the discriminatory hiring practices of US airlines, according toR & B radio station based by St. Louis 95.5 The Lou. In an article on it, the Taylor diffuser notes originally applied to the work of Trans (TWA) global airlines, but was rejected. She then sought a job with the Mohawk Airlines regional startup, which selected it in a pool of 800 candidates.

African-American history lies not only in history books, but also in song songs - many of which belong to Motown Records, the black record label behind emblematic African-American artists likeMarvin Gaye, Temptations, supremes,Smokey Robinson, andStevie Wonder. The man responsible for all, former boxerBerry Gordy, Jr., CAYS MOTOWN Record Corp.-initially known as Tamla Records-to Detroit in 1959, using a loan of $ 800 from his family.

On February 1, 1960, four African American students -Ezell Blair, Jr.,David Richmond,Franklin McCain, andJoseph McNeilNow now became known as "The Greensboro Four" -Melanged to the Civil Rights Movement when organizing its first sitting in a separate Woolworth from Woolworth de Greensboro, South Carolina. Their act led to a six-month local protest that resulted in the designs of the counter-counter on July 25. The counter itself lies now in theNational Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.

Black backErnie Davis of Elmira, New York, made history as the first African-American athlete to receive college footballHeisman Trophy, rewarded every year at the best sport player. During his career at Syracuse University, he rushed to 2,386 meters and scored 35 affected. After the college, in 1962, he became the first African American to be picked at the NFL project when he was selected by the Washington Redskins; The Redskins immediately exchanged it to the Browns of Cleveland, with whom he signed a three-year contract of $ 80,000 - at that time, the largest amount ever granted to an NFL recruit, according toESPN.

In 1960, the student of Mississippi CollegeJames MeredithDecided to challenge racial segregation at All White University of Mississippi, aka "Ole Miss". Although the university twice dismissed his request, NAACP continued the school on the name of Meredith, finally holding his case at the US Supreme Court, which ruled in his favor. When the school and state officials then resolved to challenge the courts,President John F. Kennedy Sent American troops to the University Campus at Oxford, Mississippi, where they protected Meredith while waving Mobs of angry protesters. Despite the violent riots, Meredith officially became the first black student to register in Ole Miss on October 2, 1962. According to a biography by theNational Portrait GalleryHe graduated later in a degree in political science and "hero" in the civil rights movement.

On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. spoke the most emblematic words of the civil rights movement: "I have a dream ..." King delivered hisfamous speech At Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., where approximately 250,000 people gathered for the March 1963 in Washington for employment and freedom. What many people do not realize is that, while the first half of the King's historical speech was written in advance, the last half-in which the king declares his dreams of an equality of America. - was entirely quiteimprovised.

In 1964,SIDNEY POISTRY Has become the first black player to win an Oscar in the best actor category, winning the price for its representation of Homyman Homer Smith in the 1963 movieLis of the field. Fifty years later,United States today called Poitier "One of the most important Stalwarts of the Black Film" and his victory "One of the most important moments ofAcademy price history. "

On February 26, 1965, civilian rights activistJimmie Lee Jackson was beaten and killed by a state soldier at a Pacific Voting right in Marion, Alabama. The act of insane violence inspired theRev. James BevelCounselor in Martin Luther King, Jr. and a civil rights organizer of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) - Organize one of the most important events of the Civil Rights Movement: theSelma in Montgomery Mars, Who proposed Bevel during a passionate sermon to a commemorative service for Jackson. Following Bevel's call to action, thousands of peaceful protesters did the 54 Mars-mile of Selma in Montgomery three times. Despite violence, including the "Bloody Sunday" shock with the law enforcement that took place during the first March, their mission to draw attention to the black voting refusal successful this summer whenPresident Lyndon B. Johnson Signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

The first to serve African-American in the other House of the Congress wasHiram Revels From the Mississippi, which was elected to the American Senate in 1870, during which the time senators were chosen by the legislatures of the States. The second senator- blackBruceAlso Mississippi was elected similarly in 1875. Third African-American Senate,Edward Brooke Massachusetts, was not elected up to nearly a century later, in 1966. At that time, senators were elected by their constituents. It made Brooke, which served from 1967 to 1979, the first African-American elected in the American Senate by a popular vote.

On October 2, 1967,Thurgood Marshall Turnted as the first African American Justice to sit in the US Supreme Court. The son of a railway porter and a schoolmaster, Marshall had already helped to conceive the end of racial segregation as Chief Councilor of NAACP, a position in which he argues more than a dozen cases before the Supreme Court-including historical civil rights casesBrown c. Educational advice. Marshall served on the ground for 24 years, during which he "littered in all his forms", according topolitico.

Shirley Chisholm is an icon for gender equality and racial equality. A former teacher of kindergarten, she became the first African-American woman at the congress in 1968, when she was elected to represent Brooklyn, New York, at the American Chamber of Representatives. Chisholm who served at the congress from 1969 to 1983 co-founder of the National Caucus of Women in 1971 and 1972, became both the first African American and the first woman to obtain the highest function of the nation when she announced his candidacy for the Presidency of the United States. According toSmithsonian magazine, Chisholm wanted us to remember "no like the first black woman to have made an offer for the presidency ... but as a black woman who lived in the 20th century and dared to be herself. »

No business to weave more in the volumes of music history that the Woodstock Music & Art Fair, a three-day music festival whose mission was to celebrate peace, love and rock "n" roll . By most accounts, the peak of the festival, which took place on a dairy farm in Bethel, New York, in August 1969, wasJimi Hendrix the performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner", whichSalon Calls "One of the most powerful, dazzling interpretations of the national anthem ever registered. Hendrix, whose historical restitution has been the culmination of an hour's performance at the end of the festival, has been inducted into theRock & Roll Fame Temple In 1992 and 2011, was named "the biggest guitarist of all time" byRolling stone.

January 2, 1970,Clifton Wharton, Jr., PhD, became the 14th President ofMichigan University, Making him the first African american to lead a great, a white predominantly university. According toBlackpainWharton was also the first African American to receive a doctorate in economics from the University of Chicago, in 1958; The first African-American Chancellor of the New York System State University in 1978; and the first African-American head of Fortune 500, Tiaaa-Cree, in 1987.

In 1954, the husband and wife teamGeorge andJoan JohnsonJohnson product business based in Chicago, which makes hair care and cosmetics care products for African-American consumers under the big brands Ultra Sheen, Afro Sheen and Curl of Class. In 1971, the company was registered on the US stock market, becoming the first company belonging to blacks to exchange on the exchange. According toNational Museum of American HistoryJohnson products The same year become the first black company to sponsor a national syndicated television program, the African-American music music programSoul train.

February 16, 1972,Wilt Chamberlain Los Angeles Lakers became the first professional basketball player to score more than 30,000 points during his career. Although its total is later exceeded byKareem Abdul-Jabbar,Karl Malone, andMichael Jordan, the beloved center-whoLakers Nation Calls "The most dominant force The league has ever seen" - restored with a record of 31,419 career points. According toNbaChamberlain always keeps recording for most points marked in one game: 100.

On May 29, 1973, the electors of Los Angeles elected their first black mayor so far:Tom Bradley, who became the first black leader of a white city predominantly. A former police officer who had reached the rank of lieutenant, which made him the highest officer of the African-American police of his time, Bradley was re-elected four times, serving as 1973 to 1993 - longer than any other mayor of history, according to theCalifornia African American Museum. Atlanta and Detroit also elected their first black mayors in 1973:Maynard Jackson andColen, respectively.

Beverly Johnson was the very first African American overmodel. She started her modeling career when she appeared on the cover ofCharm In 1971, three years laterKati Kironde, who became the first black woman to appear on the cover of a great fashion magazine when she pardonCharmThe cover in 1968. Although Johnson later appeared on the cover ofCharm many times, which finally highs its status to that of "Supermodel" was its appearance of 1974 as the first black woman on the cover ofVogue, that the magazine itself calls "a historic moment". "It had taken more than eight decades, but finally a person of color shudder the fashion magazine of the world"Janelle Okwodu written in a 2016Vogue Johnson's profile.

Long before there wasTiger Woods, there wasElder, who became in 1975 the first black golfer to play in the United States Master's tournament. "It was one of the last color barriers in American sport," theBBC Reported in a 2015 profile of the elder, who would have received death threats when he qualified for the tournament. Although it is not eligible for the final tour, the elder returned to the tournament in 1977 and ended in the Top 20.

Although he never graduated,James Conyers became the first black man admitted to the prestigious American Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1872. More than a century later, in 1976, in 1976,JANIE MINES Follow up on his steps when she became the first woman in the first wife of the Academy. One of the 81 women who understood the very first female cohort of Naval Academy, she graduated in 1980 and then continued a career in business. She is now independent management consultant.

Andrew Young has been a lot in his life. Former civilian rights activist, he was ordained minister, aid superior to Martin Luther King, Jr., Executive Director of the CCLC and a member of the Congress, who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1973 to 1977.. Being that its most important role, however, was that of the US ambassador to the United Nations.President Jimmy Carter The named in this position in 1977 and he was served until 1979. He was the 14th United Nations Ambassador of the Nation and his first color.

Although his inheritance is often forgotten, broadcast journalistMax Robinson Has the first African American seated in the headquarters of anchoring on a program of Night Night Night Network. A founding member of the National Association of Black Journalists, he co-anchoredABC World News tonight From 1978 to 1983, serving white anchorsFrank Reynolds andPeter Jennings, which was finally named the unique anchor of the diffusion.

When she joined the army in 1955, american nurseHazel Johnson wanted to see the world and perfect its breastfeeding skills. She does not intend to do history, but that's exactly what she did when she became the first African-American woman in the army to reach the rank of General. It happened in 1979, when Johnson was named to become the 16th head of the nurse's army, which came with a promotion in the rank of Brigadier General. According toArmy Women's FundJohnson, who obtained a PhD in Administration of Education from the Catholic University in 1978, was also the first leader of the Army nurse with a doctorate won.

At the dawn of pay television, contractorRobert JohnsonHad a brilliant but controversial idea: it wanted to create a cable TV channel designed for and targeting only African-American viewers. For this to happen, he subscribed a loan of $ 15,000 that he and his wife,Sheila Johnson, used to establish a black entertainment television (bet) in 1980. An investment of $ 500,000 from a famous TV-TV Titan cable TV allowed to get the soil chain. Now, a binding of Black Media, she became the first black company listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1991. Johnson then bought all the stocks from Paris, then sold the company to Media Giant Viacom for $ 3 billion. Dollars. According toCNBCThe transaction rendered the Johnsons African-American billionaires, men and women.

Personal computers have been around since the 1970s, but they have not started to really take off before about 1981. It is when IBM has introduced theIBM 5150otherwise called the IBM personal computer. The small computer was among the first machines designed for homes and businesses - and it was partly created by African-American inventor and computer engineerMark Deanwhich according toSwoopThe chief engineer of the team of 12 people was designed the original IBM PC. Dean, he says, hold three of the nine original patents for the computer.

Although she had almost disappeared from the university as an undergraduate,Alexa Canady remained the course and graduated not only at the university, but also from the school of medicine, finally becoming African-American African-American neuroschirurgeon in 1982. Two years later, in 1984, Canady flamboyed another track again when it was certified as a diplomat of theAmerican Council of Neurological Surgery (ABNS), will become the first neurosurgeon of the African American woman to become the African-American American newly certified to the first council.

Even ifNeil Armstrong had made a "giant jump for humanity" when he landed on the moon in 1969, the spatial race felt like a separate sport until 1983. It is at that moment that the astronaut of The NASAGuion "Guy" Bluford Entered a low terrestrial orbit aboard the Challenger spatial shuttle, becoming the first African-American in space. A former air force driver, Bluford stole a total of four shuttle missions, recording a total of 688 hours in space, according to theNational Museum of Air and Space.

While Congress Shirley Chisholm was the first African American to make an offer for the White House, theRev. Jesse Jackson Tracking of the traces of Chisholm 12 years later, when he mounted his own campaign for the democratic appointment, becoming the second African American and the first black man to do it. Jackson-a civil rights chief who in 1971 has created united persons to save humanity (thrust), an organization dedicated to improving the economic conditions of black communities across America - lost its offer. According toNBC NewsHowever, he has earned more than 3 million votes in primary elections, which accounted for nearly 20% of all the votes cast.

During a distinguished career that covered more than 50 years, the African American poetGwendolyn Brooks Allowed more than 20 pounds of poetry - including 1949Annie Allen, for which she won the Pulitzer Prize in 1950, becoming the first African-American to win the prestigious writing accolade. It was near the beginning of his career. Near the end, in 1985, she broke another color barrier when she became the first black woman to be named poetry consultant at theCongress Library, a post known today as a laureate poet. For this and its many other achievements, theFoundation of poetry calls it "one of the most important, influential and widely read poets of the American poetry of the twentieth century".

OPRAH WINFREYis a modern Midas day: all that she touches to turn to gold. But it was not always like that. Before she was a beautiful global media, Oprah was an anchor of local television newspaper who struggled to make a name for herself. His big break arrived in 1984 when she took overA Mr. Chicago, a morning discussion show in Chicago that she turned quickly. When she beat the hero of the hometown and National Day-TV darlingPhil donahue in Chicago's reviews, it has been offered a chance toSyndicate its program for a national audience. The first episode ofOprah Winfrey show broadcast at the national level of September 8, 1986. When the show finally ended its race in 2011, its final episode had an audience of 16.4 million viewers, according toHollywood journalist.

Summit SongstressAretha Franklin was better known for its 1967 interpretation ofOtis Redding's "The respect." What she sung so much about her won once and for all in 1987, when she became the first black or white female artist - to be inducted into the prestigiousRock and Roll Fame Temple. At the time of his death in 2018,The New York Times Reports, the "Queen of Soul" had recorded more than 100 singles shots and received 18 Grammy Awards, a life of life and even a presidential medal of freedom.

Toni Morrison Beloved Give to the heartbreaking story of Sethe, an African-American woman who begins her life as a slave in Kentucky and ends her as a slave of an entirely different kind while she is a free woman in Cincinnati. One of the most important works of contemporary African-American literature, she received thePULITZER PRIZES For the fiction in 1988, at what time the jurors Pulitzer called the novel "a work of a distinction insured and immense, intended to become an American classic".

According to the US law, the president of the Mixed Chiefs of Staff is the highest rank of the United States Armed Forces soldiers, responsible for providing military advisers directly to the president and his firm. In 1989, underPresident George H. W. Bush,Gene of the Army Colin Powell became the first African-American and younger officer to occupy this estimated position. Powell retired in 1993 and then served as Secretary of State underPresident George W. Bush.

In the 1990s, African Americans had served as mayors, congresses and senators. But they had not yet reached the governor's office. It changed on January 13, 1990, whenL. Douglas Wilder was sitting as the 66th governor of Virginia. He was the first black governor not only from the Commonwealth of Virginia, but of any American state. Twenty-one year earlier, in 1969, Wilder had won his first elected office when he was voted in the Senate of Virginia, becoming the first African-American senator in Virginia since reconstruction.

The National Science Foundation (NSF) was established in 1950 to advance federal research and education in non-medical sciences. Four decades later, in 1991, President George H. W. Bush appointed his first African American director: physicistWalter E. Massey, PhD, which served from 1991 to 1991 to 1993. The Emeritus President of the Chicago Institute of Art Institute spent his career supporting and expanding the scientific education of minorities and women.

When she was elected in the American Senate in 1992,Carol Mousely Braunbecame the first senator of the first black woman in the body, and only the second African-American senator since reconstruction. A former prosecutor, Mously Braun served in the Senate until January 1999, after which she became the American ambassador of New Zealand. In 2004, she requested the democratic candidacy to the presidency. Of his career in the Senate, Mousely Braunnoted"I can not escape the fact that I come to the Senate as a symbol of hope and change. No, I do not want it either, because my presence in and of itself will change the American Senate."

In 1978,Joycen Seniors, MD, became the first person in his state of origin of Arkansas to become certified by the Commission in pediatric endocrinology - the treatment of children with hormonal and glandular disorders. Fifteen years later, in 1993, she climbed her name in the books of medical history once again when she became the 15th general surgeon in the United States. Appointed byPresident Bill ClintonIt was the first African American American and only the second woman to fill the role, in which his main priorities included increasing access to health care in terms of gender, alcohol, alcohol. drugs and tobacco education in public schools.

Because it was his little movie, the film of 1994I like that like that-About a young black and Hispanic heritage woman who struggles to support her children while her husband is in prison - was a major step in the filmmaker's lifeDarnell Martin. But it was also an important step in the history of African Americans and the movie as a whole, since the PARTY PHOTOS photo film was the first version of a major studio written and led by an African-American woman.

With estimates ranging from 400,000 to more than 1 million, exactly how many men have really attended theMILLION MARCH MAN In Washington, D.C., is debatable. What is certain, however, is the historical significance of the event, whichLouis Farrakhan-The controversial leader of the Nation of Islam-organized on 16 October 1995. Its objective: inspiring and empowering African-American men to be better fathers, husbands, sons and leaders in their communities. According toThe Washington Post, walking "has become a cultural touch stone" and "a call to introspection ... that many black men continue to quote as a seminal moment of contemporary history".

Did you know that Pulitzer prices are attributed not only to literature, but also for music? Composer Black, Pianist and EducatorGeorge Walker won such a price in 1996. Walker, who was the first African American to receive aSpawn for music, was honored forLilac, a composition for the voice and the orchestra that was done for the first time on February 1, 1996, by the Symphony Orchestra of Boston, who ordered the work. Before he died in 2018, Walker-who was also the first black graduate of the Curtis Music Institute, the first black musician to happen at the New York town hall, the first black soloist to happen with the orchestra of Philadelphia and the first black instrumentalist to be signed by a large management agency of the classical artist, had published more than 70 musical works, according to the Pulitzer organization.

From 2020, Tiger Woods won a total of15 Great Championships During his prestigious golf career. Perhaps the most memorable, however, was his first: the1997 Masters Tournament At the Augusta National Golf Club, where he finished 12 shots on the runnerTom Kite And has become not only the youngest golfer in history to win the championship, but also the first African american.

Only the brightest and brightest officers reach the "rank of the flags" in the US military. One of these officers is the marine agentLILLIAN FISHBURNE, which was promoted in 1998 to the rank of rear admiral - a flag of two stars - in the American Navy. Fishburne, which was commissioned as an officer of the Navy in 1973, is the first African-American woman to reach this rank.

The 1900s saw black athletes break racial barriers in football, baseball, basketball, track and land, golf, tennis and more. It was not until the end of the twentieth century, however, that African Americans finally made their brand in a totally different type of competition: failures. It happened in 1999, whenMaurice Ashley-A Jamaican immigrant who grew up in Brooklyn, New York - became great master after more than 15 years of study and dedicated gameplay. At the time, there were only 470 major failure failure in the world, according toThe Christian scientist. And just one of them-Ashley-was black.

After the Supreme Court of the United States decided the highly contested presidential elections in its favor, President George W. Bush quickly moved to appoint the senior members of his administration. When he did it, he made the story by namingCondoleezza Rice serve as a national security advisor. After being confirmed in January 2001, Rice - which had already been served on the National Security Council under the father of Bush, President George H. W. Bush became the first black woman to hold the position. It was neither his first "first" nor his latest version: In 1993, rice became the first woman and the first African-American to become a provost of Stanford University and, in 2005, she was the first woman Black to become a secretary of state.