17 ways of completely plant engineering protect themselves when under attack
You do not need weapons or legs to fight the enemies.
Animals have incredible innate strategies to stay safe when there is an imminent danger. For example, the skunks spray a nauseating odor, the pigs ride their plotphins andBees Sting. But what about plants? Like mammals and amphibians, they live living beings who are also attacked. But without arms or legs, plants must become clever when it comes to self-defense. We have rounded some of the strangest tactics and most geniuses thatPlants use themselves will protect themselves.
1 They play dead.
Mimosa Pedica, better known as a sensitive plant, is quite cunning and creative when it comes to protecting themselves from predators. When the plant is moved in any way, it will bend its leaves inward and down to appear dead and therefore unpleasant.
2 They sting.
Urtica dioica, or a common stroke, is a species of flowering plant defined by its trichomes, aka pieces spicy. These hollow bristles on the leaves of the plant and stems act like needles when something comes too close.
When contacting, burning hairs inject histamine and other chemicals to induce a burning tingling sensation.
3 They release venom.
You may not be able to see the defense mechanisms ofDieffenbachia, or the cranny mute, but they are there. Inside the leaves of the plant are calcium oxalate crystals. When liberated, the crystals deliver a venomous enzyme calledrapt, which, when ingested, can cause any paralysis to the deficiency of speech.
These symptoms are where the indoor plant gets its common name. That's why theDieffenbachiais hilariously called mother-in-law.
4 They form a partnership with ants.
Vachellia CornigeraBullhorn's acacia acacia, become aggressive ants for their dirty work. In this relationship, a great example of what is known in nature like commensalism - both parties win. The ants protect the trees against everything that poses a threat, and ants get both a place to live and food to eat in return.
5 They prepare each other when the danger is nearby.
Plants can communicate without verbal signals. Instead of using the sound, they emit volatile organic compounds or VOCs, in the air towarn nearby plants a threat is nearby.
6 They report to birds to eat threatening insects.
There are types of plants that will use birds when the parasites feed.
In these scenarios, the plants will give VOCs,reporting that they are attacked. In response, birds will come and consume parasites. Another win-win!
7 They stifle their predators.
Thousands of plants - includingcommon foods Like apples, spinach and lima beans are toxic for other species outside humans.
This is because these plants produce hydrogen cyanide compounds, which attach to sugar molecules or grease via a process calledCyanogenesis. They remain stored in the plant until they are necessary, that is to say when insects try to eat them. At this point, plants release hydrogen cyanide, which makes foreign insects until they end up stopping breathe. Nature is brutal.
8 They induce a heart attack.
Digitalis Purpurea, or the Foxglove, is as dangerous as beautiful. Vibrating vegetation contains a powerful toxin known asdigitoxin. For humans and insects, consuming part of this plant can potentially lead to heart failure.
9 They use wasps.
When corn mills are attacked, they "release volatile chemicals from all their leaves" which "serve as the type of distress call ... to attract wasps", according to the search for theDepartment of American Agriculture.
Once the wasps receive the call, so to speak, they flock in the corn plant and eliminate the threat by eating it. You could not love them, but the wasps make your corn plants.
10 They poison neighboring plants.
There are some situations in which plants must defend against other plants to survive.
When the black walnut tree, for example, detects that another plant begins to grow nearby, it takes steps so that the beginner did not fly his resources. As a result, the roots of black walnut will emit a toxin called Juglone toKill this intruder.
11 They get tasted badly.
In order to repel parasites, some plants will emit a substance that makes them taste.
Although the approach is subtle, it leads to wild results:Researchers have found that when this happens, the bugs will simply use cannibalism.
12 They claim to be rocks.
Lithops, or pebble plants, take advantage of their environment to stay safe. Because these succulents look like rocks, they are able to blend in real stones and avoid beating eaten. Engineering!
13 They attract predators with Nectar.
Think of Nectar as an incentive. Basically, plants use this sweet substance to attract animals like bees and butterflies that can move from herbivores.
In exchange, pollinating animals get nutrients. Just another example of a mutually beneficial pollinator situation.
14 They camouflage themselves.
Just likeanimals, Some plants understood how to camouflage themselves.
Take theCorydalis hemidicentra, for example. By a study published in the newspaperTrends in ecology and evolutionThis plant is able to be similar to the unattractive elements of its environment to avoid predators.
"Different populations of this species are different in different places," saysDr. Yang Niuof the Kunming Institute of Botanique and Exeter. How cool is it?
15 They cultivate waxy coatings that make them difficult to eat.
This waxy recovery you feel about the desert plants does not just hold moisture. This layer is also difficult for insects to eat, thus protecting plants from being destroyed.
16 They have impenetrable leaves.
Imagine biting through the shell of a walnut. It seems painful, right? Well, it's basically what the insect experience when they try to eat leaves on aINGA EDULIStree.
These leaves are subject to the growth of the fungus, which attracts certain insects, likeAtta (fungus ant). But insects know better than trying their luck on the occasion of the leaves coated with a hard shell.
17 They trap their predators to GOO.
Inside the vascular tissues of some plants (such as tips) is a complex network of canals with latex sap. When the channels are broken, for example, when an insect eats through the leaves - the sap is released to trap everything that tries to Chowler.
Essentially, this defense mechanism is like a spider canvas, except that it is made of GOO rather than silk.
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